9.3. Machinery Hazards – Gulf Academy of Safety

Element 1: Why we should manage workplace health and safety

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Video Lesson – Element 1 Introduction

Video lesson – Element 1.1

1. Reasons for managing health and safety in the workplace

1.1. Moral Reasons:

1.1.1 Moral Reasons (Video 1)

1.1.2 Moral Reasons (Video 2)

1.1.3 Social/Legal Reasons:

1.1.4 Economical/Financial Reasons: Direct Costs

1.1.5 Economical/Financial Reasons: Indirect Costs

Video lesson-Element 1.2

1.2. How health and safety is regulated and the consequences of non-compliance?

1.2.1. Consequences of non-compliance

1.2.2. Indirect consequences of non-compliance

1.2.3. The International Framework

1.2.4. ISO 45001:2018

1.2.5 Employers’ Responsibilities:

1.2.6. Workers Responsibilities and rights

1.2.7 Sources of Information on law

1.2.8 Fundamental definitions

Video lesson-Element 1.3

1.3. Health and safety duties of different groups of people at work

1.3.1 The Employer

1.3.2 Directors and Senior Managers

1.3.3. Employer responsible for Health and Safety at Work

1.3.4 Appointment of Senior Manager

1.3.5. The Shared Responsibilities of Joint Occupiers of Premises

1.3.6 Contractor

1.3.8 General Duties of clients towards contractor

1.3.9 Selecting a Contractor

1.3.10 Management of contractors working on site.

Formative Assessment: Element 1

Element 1 Case Study Assessment

Element 2: How health and safety management systems work and what they look like

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Video Lesson-Element 2 Introduction

Video Lesson-Element 2.1

2.1. Health and Safety Management System

2.1.1. Leadership and worker participation

2.1.2. Planning

2.1.4. Operations

2.1.5. Performance evaluation

2.1.6. Improvement

2.1.7. ILO OSH 2001 Health and Safety Management Systems

2.1.9. Organising

2.1.10. Planning & Implementing

2.1.11. Evaluation

2.1.12. Auditing

2.1.13. Action for Improvement

2.1.14. The benefits of having a formal/certified health and safety management system

Video Lesson-Element 2.2

2.2. What good health and safety management system looks like?

2.2.1. The OH&S policy shall

2.2.2. Role of health and safety policy

2.2.3. Significance

2.2.5. A policy consists of three main sections or parts, they are

2.2.6. General Statement of Intent

2.2.7. Organisation Section

2.2.8. Arrangements Section

2.2.9. Responsibilities

2.2.10. Practical arrangements for making It work

2.2.11. Monitoring

Formative Assessment: Element 2

Element 3: Managing risk – understanding people and processes

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Video Lesson-Element 3 Introduction

Video Lesson-Video lesson 3.1

3.1. Health and Safety Culture

3.1.1. Relationship between health and safety culture and health and safety performance

3.1.2. Positive Culture

3.1.3. Negative/Poor Culture

3.1.4. Indicators used to assess Safety Culture

3.1.5. Influence of peers on health and safety culture

Video Lesson-Element 3.2

3.2. Improving health and safety culture

3.2.1. Commitment from the management

3.2.2. Visible management can be demonstrated by

3.2.3. Promoting health and safety standards by leadership and example and appropriate use of disciplinary procedures

3.2.4. What is competence?

3.2.5. Effective Communication

3.2.6. Verbal Communications

3.2.7. Written Communication

3.2.8. Graphic communication

3.2.9. Notice boards

3.2.10. Posters and videos

3.2.11. Toolbox talks

3.2.12. Digital Media and intranet

3.2.13. Memos and email

3.2.14. Worker Handbooks

3.2.15. Co-operation and Consultation

3.2.16. Why should I consult employees on health and safety?

3.2.17. Roles of Health and Safety Committees

3.2.18. When Training is needed?

Video Lesson-Element 3.3

3.3 How human factors influence behaviour positively or negatively

3.3.1. Job Factors

3.3.2. Individual factors

Video lesson-Element 3.4

3.4. Assessing Risk

3.4. Assessing Risk Video 1

3.4. Assessing Risk Video 2

3.4.1. What types of hazards are there?

3.4.3. Risk profiling

3.4.4. Why are risk assessments Important?

3.4.5. Suitable and Sufficient Risk Assessment

3.4.6. Risk Assessment Steps

3.4.7. Step 1: Identify the hazards

3.4.8. Step 2: Identify people at risk

3.4.9. Step 3: Evaluate the risks and decide on control measures

3.4.10. Principles to consider when controlling risk

3.4.11. Hierarchy of Risk Control

3.4.12. Hierarchy of Risk Control – Elimination

3.4.13. Hierarchy of Risk Control – Substitution

3.4.14. Hierarchy of Risk Control – Engineering Controls

3.4.15. Hierarchy of Risk Control – Administrative Controls

3.4.16. Hierarchy of Risk Control – PPE

3.4.17. Types of Risks

3.4.18. Step 4: Recording Significant Findings

3.4.19. Step 5: Review Risk Assessment

Video Lesson-Element 3.5

3.5. Management of Change

3.5.1. Managing the impact of change

3.5.2. Risk Assessment

3.5.3. Competent People

3.5.4. Segregation

3.5.5. Amendment of emergency procedures

3.5.6. Welfare Provision

Video Lesson-Element 3.6

3.6. Safe systems of work for general work activities

3.6. Safe systems of work for general work activities Video

3.6.1. Why workers should be involved when developing safe systems of work

3.6.2. Why procedures should be recorded/written down

3.6.3. The differences between technical, procedural and behavioural controls

3.6.4. Developing a Safe System of Work

3.6.5. Job safety analysis (JSA) or task analysis

Video Lesson-Element 3.7

3.7. Permit-to-work systems

3.7.1. There are four main sections to permit to work

3.7.2. When to use a permit-to-work system

3.7.3. Hot Work

3.7.4. Work at high voltage electrical systems (overhead power lines)

3.7.5. Work at Height

3.7.6. Confined Spaces

3.7.7. Maintenance of large machinery

Video Lesson-Element 3.8

3.8. Emergency procedures

3.8.1. What to include in an emergency procedure?

3.8.2. What to consider when deciding on first aid needs in a workplace

3.8.3. Why people need training and procedures need to be tested

Formative Assessment: Element 3

Element 4: Health and safety monitoring and measuring

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Video Lesson-Element 4 Introduction

Video Lesson-Element 4.1

4.1.1. Active monitoring

4.1.2. Active monitoring methods (health and safety inspections, sampling and tours) and their usefulness

4.1.3.Safety Sampling

4.1.4.Safety Tours

4.1.5. Factors to be considered when determining the frequency of inspection

4.1.6. Key features of a competent inspector

4.1.7. Advantages of using a checklist

4.1.8. Allocation of responsibilities

4.1.9. Reactive monitoring

4.1.10. Reactive monitoring measures and their usefulness

4.1.11. The difference between leading and lagging indicators

Video Lesson-Element 4.2

4.2. Investigating incidents

4.2. Investigating incidents Video

4.2.1. Basic incident investigation steps

4.2.2. Step 2 – Analysing the information

4.2.3. Step 3 – Identifying risk control measures

4.2.4. Step 4 – The action plan and its implementation

4.2.5. How occupational accidents and diseases are recorded and notified by the organisation

4.2.6. Arrangements for recording

4.2.7. Arrangements for notification

4.2.8. Extension of recording and notification systems to self-employed persons

Video Lesson-Element 4.3

4.3. Health and safety auditing

4.3.1. Why health and safety management systems should be audited

4.3.2. Difference between audits and inspections

4.3.3. Safety Audit

4.3.4. Safety Inspection

4.3.5. Similarities Between a Safety Inspection and Safety Audit

4.3.6. Differences Between a Safety Inspection and Safety Audit

4.3.7. The Three Different Types of Audits

4.3.8. Advantages and disadvantages of external and internal audits

4.3.9. The audit stages

Video Lesson-Element 4.4

4.4.Review of health and safety performance

4.4.1. What the review should consider

4.4.2. Reporting on health and safety performance

4.4.3. Feeding review outputs into action and development plans as part of continuous improvement

Formative Assessment: Element 4

Element 5: Physical and psychological health

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Video Lesson-Element 5 Introduction

Video Lesson-Element 5.1

5.1.1 Noise Video

5.1.1. Physical and psychological effects on hearing of exposure to noise

5.1.2. Physical effects

5.1.3. Psychological effects

5.1.4. The meaning of commonly used terms

5.1.5. When exposure should be assessed

5.1.6. Noise Measuring Instruments

5.1.7. Basic noise control measures

5.1.8. Use and limitations of personal hearing protection

5.1.9. Role of health surveillance

Video Lesson-Element 5.2

5.2.1 Vibration Video

5.2.1. When exposure should be assessed

5.2.2. Exposure Limit (EL)

5.2.3. Risk Assessment

5.2.4. Basic vibration control measures, including

5.2.5. Role of Health Surveillance

Video Lesson-Element 5.3

5.3.1. Potential health effects and occupational sources of non-ionizing radiation

5.3.2. Basic radiation protection strategies including the role of the competent person in the workplace

Video Lesson-Element 5.4

5.4. Mental Ill Health

5.4.1.1 Mental Ill Health Video

5.4.1. Meaning of “Work related mental Ill Health”

5.4.2. Definition

5.4.3. Causes of Mental Ill Health

5.4.4. Factor 1: Demands

5.4.5. Factor 2: Control

5.4.6. Factor 3: Support

5.4.7. Factor 4: Relationships

5.4.8. Factor 5: Role

5.4.9. Factor 6: Change

5.4.10. Effects of Mental Ill Health

5.4.11. Physical Effects

5.4.12. Psychological Effects

5.4.13. Control Measures

Video Lesson-Element 5.5

5.5. Violence at work

5.5.1. What work-related factors increase the risk of violence?

5.5.2. Control Measures for Violence

5.5.3. Administrative

5.5.5. Equipment

5.5.6. What can I do to prevent violence?

Video Lesson-Element 5.6

5.6. Substance abuse at work

5.6.1. Types of Substances Misused at Work

5.6.2. Risk to Health and Safety

5.6.3. Risk Control Measures

5.6.4. Key Elements of a Policy on Drug Misuse

Formative Assessment: Element 5

Element 6: Musculoskeletal health

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Video Lesson-Element 6 Introduction

Video Lesson-Element 6.1

6.1. Work-related upper limb disorders

6.1.1. Work-Related Upper Limb Disorders

6.1.2. Lower Limb Disorders

6.1.3. Back Pain

6.1.4. Examples of repetitive operations

6.1.5. Examples of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)

6.1.6. Common musculoskeletal disorders include

6.1.7. Impact of MSDs in the Workplace

6.1.8. Matching the workplace to individual needs of workers

6.1.9. What is ergonomics?

6.1.10. Task factors include

6.1.11. Equipment factors include

6.1.12. Environmental factors include

6.1.13. The ill-health effects of poorly designed tasks and workstations

6.1.14. Appropriate control measures

6.1.15. Display Screen Equipment (DSE) – An Example

6.1.16. Assessment of a DSE workstation

6.1.17. Controls for DSE

Video Lesson-Element 6.2

6.2. Manual handling

6.2.1.2 Manual handling Video 1

6.2.1. Common types of manual handling injuries

6.2.2. Assessment of manual handling risks

6.2.3. Good handling technique for manually lifting loads

6.2.4. Avoiding/minimising manual handling risks

6.2.5. Means of avoiding and minimising the risks of manual handling

Video Lesson-Element 6.3

6.3. Load-handling equipment

6.3.1. Hazards associated with manually operated load-handling equipment

6.3.2. Precautions with the use of manually operated load-handling equipment

6.3.3. Hoist and Lifts

6.3.4. Powered Load Handling Equipment

6.3.5. Forklift Trucks

6.3.6. The hazards associated with forklift trucks are

6.3.7. Precautions for safe use of forklift trucks

6.3.8. The main hazards associated with hoists are

6.3.9. Precautions for safe use of hoists and lifts include

6.3.10. Conveyors

6.3.11. The most common hazards and preventive measures are

6.3.12. The precautions for safe use of conveyors include

6.3.14. What are the Most Common Crane Hazards?

6.3.15. Falling Loads

6.3.16. Electrical Hazards

6.3.17. Crane Overload

6.3.18. The requirements for safe lifting operations include

6.3.19. Safe lifting operations for Mobile cranes

6.3.20. Lifting gears

6.3.21. Wire rope slings

6.3.22. Inspection points

6.3.25. Environment

6.3.26. Requirements for lifting operations

Formative Assessment: Element 6

Element 7: Chemical and biological agents

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Video Lesson-Element 7 Introduction

Video Lesson-Element 7.1

7.1. Hazardous substances

7.1.1. Forms of Chemical Agents

7.1.2. Forms of Biological Agents

7.1.3. Difference between acute and chronic health effects

7.1.4. Acute health Effects

7.1.5. Chronic Health Effects

7.1.6. Chronic Health Effects and Long-Term Disability

7.1.7. Chronic effects referred to most frequently are

7.1.8. Health hazard classifications

Video Lesson-Element 7.2

7.2. Assessment of health risks

7.2.1. Inhalation

7.2.2. Ingestion

7.2.3. Skin Absorption

7.2.4. Injection

7.2.5. Passage Through Mucous Membranes of the Eyes

7.2.6. The body’s defence mechanisms (superficial and cellular)

7.2.7. Respiratory Defence

7.2.8. Skin Defences

7.2.9. What needs to be considered when assessing health risks

7.2.10. Sources of information

7.2.11. Safety Data Sheets

7.2.12. Safety data sheets contain the following information

7.2.13. Limitations of information in assessing risk to health

7.2.14. Role and limitations of hazardous substance monitoring

7.2.15. Limitations of Hazardous Substance Monitoring

Video Lesson-Element 7.3

7.3. Occupational exposure limits

7.3.1. Short-Term and Long-Term Limits

7.3.2. Significance of Time-Weighted Averages

7.3.3. Limitations of Exposure Limits

7.3.4. Comparison of measurements to recognised standards

7.3.5. Comparison of International Standards

Video Lesson-Element 7.4

7.4. Control measures

7.4.1. Principles of Good Practice

7.4.2. Common measures used to control exposure to hazardous substances

7.4.3. Process Change

7.4.4. Reduce Exposure Times

7.4.5. Local exhaust ventilation

7.4.6. Dilution Ventilation

7.4.7. Respiratory protective equipment

7.4.8. Breathing Apparatus

7.4.9. Maintenance of RPE

7.4.10. Other protective equipment and clothing (gloves, overalls, eye protection)

7.4.11. Personal hygiene and protection regimes

7.4.12. Vaccination

7.4.13. Health surveillance is important for

7.4.14. Health monitoring

Video Lesson-Element 7.5

7.5. Specific agents

7.5.1. Control Measures

7.5.2. Blood-borne viruses

7.5.3. Risk occupations

7.5.4. Carbon monoxide

7.5.6. Legionella/legionnaires’ disease

7.5.7. Leptospira

7.5.9. Wood Dust

7.5.10. Risk controls

7.5.10.1. Risk controls Video

Formative Assessment: Element 7

Element 8: General workplace issues

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Video Lesson-Element 8 Introduction

Video Lesson-Element 8.1

8.1. Health, welfare and work environment

8.1.1. Health and welfare

8.1.2. Requirements of Work environment

8.1.3. The effects of exposure to extremes of temperature

8.1.3. The effects of exposure to extremes of temperature Video 1

8.1.4. Effects of working in Hot Environment

8.1.5. Effects of working in a Cold Environment

8.1.6. Control Measures

Video Lesson-Element 8.2.1

8.2. Working at height

8.2. Working at height Video 1

8.2. Working at height Video 2

8.2. Working at height Video 3

8.2.1. Work at Height Regulations 2005

8.2.2. What affects risk from working at height

8.2.3. Vertical Distance

8.2.4. Fragile roofs

8.2.5. Deterioration of Materials

8.2.6. Deterioration of materials poses hazards in two ways

8.2.7. Unprotected Edges

8.2.8. Unstable/poorly maintained access equipment

8.2.9. Weather conditions

8.2.10. Falling materials

8.2.11. Hierarchy for selecting equipment for working safely at height

8.2.12. Avoiding Work at Height

8.2.13. Prevent a Fall from Occurring

8.2.14. Guardrails and Toe Boards

8.2.15. Suspended Access Equipment

8.2.16. Minimising Distance and Consequences of a Fall

8.2.17. Provision of Equipment, Training and Instruction

8.2.18. Training & Instruction

8.2.19. General precautions when using common forms of access equipment

8.2.20. Stepladders

8.2.21. Scaffolds (Independent tied and mobile tower)

8.2.22. All scaffolds must

8.2.23. Tower Scaffold

8.2.25. Mobile Elevating Work Platforms

8.2.26. Trestles

8.2.27. Staging Platforms

8.2.28. Leading Edge protection System

8.2.29. Safety lines, harnesses and nets

8.2.30. Prevention of falling materials through safe stacking and storage

Video Lesson-Element 8.3

8.3. Safe working in confined spaces

8.3. Safe working in confined spaces Video

8.3.1. What are the dangers from confined spaces?

8.3.2. SSOW for Confined Space

8.3.3. By definition, a permit-required confined space has one or more of these characteristics

Video Lesson-Element 8.4

8.4. Lone Working

8.4.1. Hazards that lone workers may encounter include

8.4.2. SSOW for Lone Workers

8.4.3. Working and travelling abroad

Video Lesson-Element 8.5

8.5. Slips and trips

8.5.1. Slip Hazards are caused by

8.5.2. Trip Hazards are caused by

8.5.3. How do I carry out a risk assessment for slips, trips and falls?

8.5.4. Control Measures for Slips and Trips

Video Lesson-Element 8.6

8.6. Safe movement of people and vehicles in the workplace

8.6. Safe movement of people and vehicles in the workplace Video

8.6.1. Non-Movement Related Hazards

8.6.2. Control measures for safe workplace transport operations

8.6.3. Safe Site

8.6.4. Safe Vehicle

8.6.5. Safe Driver

Video Lesson-Element 8.7

8.7. Work-related driving

8.7.1. Risk Assessment for Driving at Work

8.7.2. Step 1: Identify the hazards

8.7.3. Step 2: Identify the people at risk

8.7.4. Step 3: Evaluate the risk

8.7.5. Step 4: Record your findings

8.7.6. Step 5: Review risk assessments

8.7.7. Evaluating the Risks

8.7.8. Control Measures

8.7.9. Electric and Hybrid vehicles

8.7.10. Hazards associated Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

Formative Assessment: Element 8

Element 9: Work Equipment

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Video Lesson-Element 9 Introduction

Video Lesson-Element 9.1

9.1. General requirements of work equipment

9.1.1. Prevention of access to dangerous parts of machinery

9.1.2. Information, Instruction and Training

9.1.3. Why equipment should be maintained, and maintenance conducted safely

9.1.4. Importance of operation and emergency controls, stability, lighting, markings and warnings, clear unobstructed workspace

Video Lesson-Element 9.2

9.2. Hand-Held Tools

9.2.1. Hazards of portable power tools

Video Lesson-Element 9.3

9.3. Machinery Hazards

9.3.1. Mechanical Hazards

9.3.2. Non-Mechanical Hazards

9.3.3. Hazards of a range of equipment

Video Lesson – Element 9.4

9.4.1. Control Measures for Machinery Hazards

9.4.2. Sensitive protective equipment (Trip devices)

9.4.3. Protective appliances

9.4.5. Basic requirements for guards and safety devices

Formative Assessment: Element 9

Element 10: Fire

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Video Lesson-Element 10 Introduction

Video Lesson-Element 10.1

10.1. Fire principles

10.1.1. Sources of Ignition

10.1.2. Sources of Fuel

10.1.3. Sources of Oxygen

10.1.4. Classification of Fire

10.1.5. Fire extinguishers symbols and classification

10.1.6. Principles of heat transmission and fire spread

10.1.7. Common causes and consequences of fires in workplaces

Video Lesson-Element 10.2

10.2. Preventing fire and fire spread

10.2.1. Control of ignition sources

10.2.2. System of work

10.2.3. Control measures for storage in the workplace include

10.2.4. Outdoor storage of flammable liquids/secure LPG storage

10.2.5. Liquefied petroleum and other gases in cylinders Storage

10.2.6. Structural measures to prevent the spread of fire and smoke

10.2.7. Compartmentation

10.2.8. Properties of common building materials

Video Lesson-Element 10.3

10.3. Fire alarms and firefighting

10.3.1. Portable fire-fighting equipment

10.3.2. Access for fire and rescue services and vehicles

Video Lesson-Element 10.4

10.4. Evacuation of a workplace Fire evacuation

10.4.1. Role and appointment of fire marshals

10.4.1.1. Role and appointment of fire marshals Video

Element 10 Quiz

Formative Assessment: Element 10

Element 11: Electricity

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Video Lesson – Element 11 Introduction

Video Lesson-Element 11.1

11.1 Hazards and Risks of Electricity

11.1.1 Principles of Electricity

11.1.2 Factors Influencing the Severity of Electric Shock

11.1.3 Electrical burns

11.1.4 Direct Electrical Burn

11.1.5 Indirect burns

11.1.6 Electrical fires

11.1.7 Common Causes

11.1.8 Dangerous activities

Video Lesson-Element 11.2

11.2 Control Measures

11.2 Control Measures Video 1

11.2.1 Strength and capability of equipment

11.2.2 Use of safe systems of work

11.2.3 Emergency Procedures Following an Electrical Incident

11.2.4 Inspection and Maintenance Strategies

11.2.5 Advantages and Limitations of Portable Appliance Testing

Element 11 Quiz

Formative Assessment: Element 11

NEBOSH IGC eLearning

9.3. Machinery Hazards

• Potential consequences as a result of contact with, or exposure to, mechanical or other hazards
(see ISO 12100:2010 (Table B.1))
• Hazards of a range of equipment:
> manufacturing/maintenance machinery (including bench-top grinder, pedestal drill)
> agricultural/horticultural machinery (including cylinder mower, strimmer/brush cutter, chainsaw)
> retail machinery (including compactor)
> construction machinery (including cement mixer, bench-mounted circular saw)
> emerging technologies (including drones, driver-less vehicles).

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