Course Content
Demo NEBOSH IGC eLearning

1.2.3. The International Framework

The main law governing health and safety at work in the United Kingdom is the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 (HSW Act). This places general duties on you to do what is reasonably practicable to ensure health and safety.

Other regulations supporting the HSW Act set out more detailed legal duties for specific activities or industries. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) has produced publications to help you understand what these mean in practice.

Globally there are no legal standards governing workplace health and safety. Over the years most countries have developed their own laws governing their businesses at national levels. 

At international level the standards of health and safety at workplace are put in place by International Labour Organization (ILO). ILO is a specialized agency of the United Nations that seeks to promote social justice through establishing and safeguarding internationally recognized human and labour rights. It was founded in 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles at the end of the First World War.

The motivation behind the creation of such an organization was primarily humanitarian. Working conditions at the time were becoming unacceptable to a civilized society. Long hours, unsafe, unhygienic and dangerous conditions were common in low‐paid manufacturing careers. Indeed, in the wake of the Russian Revolution, there was concern that such working conditions could lead to social unrest and even other revolutions. The ILO was created as a tripartite with governments, employers and workers represented on its governing body.

In 1981, the ILO adopted the occupational Safety and health Convention (C155) it is a basic policy for health and safety of employee’s national level and at the individual organization.

The Occupational Safety and health Recommendation 1981 (R164) supplements C155 and provides more detailed guidance on how to comply with the policies of C155. It defines the responsibility that might be place on both the employer and the employee to achieve the basic goal of a safe and healthy place of work.